要勵誌

　　奧巴馬開羅大學演講：美與穆斯林世界應有新開端

　　

美國總統巴拉克·奧巴馬6月4日在埃及開羅大學發表講話，闡明美國致力於尋求與穆斯林國家關係的新開端。翻譯由美國國際信息局（IIP）提供。

I am honored to be in the timeless city of Cairo, and to be hosted by two remarkable institutions. For over a thousand years, Al-Azhar has stood as a beacon of Islamic learning, and for over a century, Cairo University has been a source of Egypt's advancement. Together, you represent the harmony between tradition and progress. I am grateful for your hospitality, and the hospitality of the people of Egypt. I am also proud to carry with me the goodwill of the American people, and a greeting of peace from Muslim communities in my country: assalaamu alaykum.

非常感謝你們。下午好。我榮幸地來到永恒的開羅古城，榮幸地受到兩所著名學府的邀請。愛資哈爾(Al-Azhar)一千多年來一直是一座伊斯蘭學術的燈塔，開羅大學(Cairo University)一百多年來一直是埃及發展的源泉。你們並肩而立，象征著傳統與進步的和諧共進。我對你們的盛情邀請，對埃及人民的盛情邀請表示感謝。我也自豪地帶來美國人民的友好情誼，帶來我國穆斯林民眾的平安問候： “Assalaamu alaykum.”（"願你平安。"）

We meet at a time of tension between the United States and Muslims around the world - tension rooted in historical forces that go beyond any current policy debate. The relationship between Islam and the West includes centuries of co-existence and cooperation, but also conflict and religious wars. More recently, tension has been fed by colonialism that denied rights and opportunities to many Muslims, and a Cold War in which Muslim-majority countries were too often treated as proxies without regard to their own aspirations. Moreover, the sweeping change brought by modernity and globalization led many Muslims to view the West as hostile to the traditions of Islam.

我們相聚在美國和穆斯林世界之間關係十分緊張的時期──這種緊張關係的曆史根源遠遠超出了當前的任何政策辯論。伊斯蘭教與西方世界之間的關係史既包括好幾個世紀的共存與合作，也包括衝突和宗教戰爭。在近代，剝奪眾多穆斯林權利和機會的殖民主義，以及穆斯林占主體的國家往往被視為傀儡、對其自身意願鮮有顧及的冷戰，加劇了這種緊張。此外，現代化和全球化帶來的巨大變化致使很多穆斯林將西方視為伊斯蘭傳統的敵人。

Violent extremists have exploited these tensions in a small but potent minority of Muslims. The attacks of September 11th, 2001 and the continued efforts of these extremists to engage in violence against civilians has led some in my country to view Islam as inevitably hostile not only to America and Western countries, but also to human rights. This has bred more fear and mistrust.

暴力極端主義分子利用這種緊張關係煽動穆斯林世界為數不多但很有影響的少數派。9.11襲擊事件以及這些極端主義分子不斷對平民百姓采用暴力的行徑使得我們國家中的一些人認為，伊斯蘭教注定不僅與美國和西方國家，而且與人權為敵。所有這一切導致滋生出更多的恐懼，更多的不信任。

So long as our relationship is defined by our differences, we will empower those who sow hatred rather than peace, and who promote conflict rather than the cooperation that can help all of our people achieve justice and prosperity. This cycle of suspicion and discord must end.

隻要我們之間的關係定位於我們的分歧，我們就會讓那些播種仇恨而不是和平，宣揚衝突而不是合作的人得勢，而合作會幫助將正義與繁榮帶給所有人。我們必須打破這種懷疑與不和的惡性循環。

I have come here to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world; one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect; and one based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive, and need not be in competition. Instead, they overlap, and share common principles - principles of justice and progress; tolerance and the dignity of all human beings.

我來到這裏是要在美國和穆斯林世界之間尋求一種以共同利益和相互尊重為基點的新開端──基於美國和伊斯蘭教並不相互排斥、不必相互競爭的真情。不僅如此，它們相互重合，擁有一些共同原則──公正與進步的原則；容忍與全人類都有尊嚴的原則。

I do so recognizing that change cannot happen overnight. No single speech can eradicate years of mistrust, nor can I answer in the time that I have all the complex questions that brought us to this point. But I am convinced that in order to move forward, we must say openly the things we hold in our hearts, and that too often are said only behind closed doors. There must be a sustained effort to listen to each other; to learn from each other; to respect one another; and to seek common ground. As the Holy Koran tells us, "Be conscious of God and speak always the truth." That is what I will try to do - to speak the truth as best I can, humbled by the task before us, and firm in my belief that the interests we share as human beings are far more powerful than the forces that drive us apart.

我認識到，變化不會發生於一夜之間。一次講話不可能排除多年來的不信任，我也不可能在我有限的時間裏應答迄今擺到我們麵前的所有複雜問題。但是我深信，為了向前推進，我們必須公開說出內心深處的話，但我們往往關起門來才說這些話。這必須成為相互傾聽、相互學習、相互尊重並尋求共同之處的持久努力。《古蘭經》(Holy Koran)教誨我們："明記真主，永吐真言。"這就是我將在今天努力做到的──盡最大努力說實話，兢兢業業麵對使命，堅信我們同為人類的共同利益遠比給我們造成隔閡的力量強大得多。

Part of this conviction is rooted in my own experience. I am a Christian, but my father came from a Kenyan family that includes generations of Muslims. As a boy, I spent several years in Indonesia and heard the call of the azaan at the break of dawn and the fall of dusk. As a young man, I worked in Chicago communities where many found dignity and peace in their Muslim faith.

這種信念一部分來源於我個人的經曆。我是基督教徒。我父親來自肯尼亞一個數代穆斯林家庭。我小時候在印度尼西亞生活過幾年，聽到過宣禮塔在破曉和日落時刻的召喚。我年輕時在芝加哥的社區工作，那裏有很多人從他們的穆斯林信仰中找到了尊嚴與安寧。

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